An autoimmune disease occurs when the immune system, which typically defends the body against infections, mistakenly targets and attacks healthy cells, tissues, or organs as if they were foreign invaders. This abnormal immune response leads to inflammation and damage within the body.

Key Points:

• Variety: There are over 80 different autoimmune diseases, ranging from common to very rare.
• Symptoms: Autoimmune diseases often cause inflammation, resulting in redness, swelling, heat, and pain. Symptoms vary depending on the affected body part:
• Joints: Pain, stiffness, and loss of function.
• Skin: Inflammation, rashes, or blisters.
• Thyroid: Fatigue, muscle aches, and weight changes.
• Long-Term Nature: Most autoimmune diseases are chronic, with symptoms that can come and go over time.
• Common Examples:
• Coeliac Disease: Immune response to gluten damages the small intestine, leading to symptoms like constipation, diarrhoea, and stomach pain.
• Lupus: Immune system attacks various body parts, including skin, muscles, joints, lungs, heart, and kidneys.
• Rheumatoid Arthritis: Tender, swollen, and stiff joints.
• Graves’ Disease: Overactive thyroid gland causing symptoms like anxiety, heart palpitations, and bulging eyes.
• Multiple Sclerosis: Affects the nervous system, leading to muscle weakness, coordination issues, and vision problems.
• Type 1 Diabetes: Pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin, resulting in thirst, hunger, and frequent urination.

Causes and Diagnosis:

• Uncertain Origins: The exact cause of autoimmune diseases remains unknown. However, factors such as genetics, age, infections, smoking, and nutrition play a role.
• Seek Medical Advice: If you suspect an autoimmune disease, consult your doctor. Common signs include muscle, bone, or joint pain unrelated to injury.
• Diagnostic Process: Doctors investigate symptoms through physical exams, blood tests, imaging (x-rays, MRI), biopsies, and referrals to specialists.

Remember, autoimmune diseases are complex and multifaceted. If you or someone you know experiences symptoms, seeking professional medical guidance is crucial. Stay informed, stay curious, and let’s continue exploring the wonders of our immune system!